America's Next Top Model - Recent changes [en]

User:InezPfannm

2013-05-20T09:58:49Z

InezPfannm created a user account

America's Next Top Model, Cycle 17: All Stars

2013-05-19T13:22:34Z

Simpler solutions for unlocking secrets of ageing minds

2013-05-18T06:49:42Z

Created page with "Could tiny organisms help us understand the extraordinary complexity of the human brain, and how to keep our brains healthy as we get older? One person thinks so. There’s n..."

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Could tiny organisms help us understand the extraordinary complexity of the human brain, and how to keep our brains healthy as we get older? One person thinks so.

There’s now a great deal of effort and money devoted to understanding the extraordinary complexity of the human brain. But it’s also important to go back to basics, says Susan Lindquist, molecular biologist at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Her idea is to use the power of evolution to unlock secrets that could keep our minds healthy as we age.

As we reduce the rate of people dying from heart disease and cancer, we face another threat, and that’s neurodegenerative diseases, like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, that are caused by fundamental defects in protein folding. Studies have been dominated by the need to unlock the complexity of the brain, but you can flip this around and look at what are the fundamental basics of biology that might also feature in much simpler organisms.

We evolved from simpler individual cells that still inhabit the Earth, and they still face the same complex problem – how do they take their DNA code and create and fold it up into a complete, working protein. So we could test the simpler things first using these simple cells, and fuel our knowledge not just for possible drugs but also understand the biology in such a way as to help improve our lifestyle.

The challenge is how to go from these simple cells to making it work in a human being. That’s going to take a lot of interaction between many different groups – like biologists, chemists, geneticists – not to mention new imaging methods for viewing the brain. But the way technologies are converging makes Lindquist excited and optimistic; she says we might now be in a position to begin to find answers that will help tackle these diseases..

SOURCE: BBC

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Embryonic stem cells: Advance in medical human cloning

2013-05-18T06:47:24Z

Created page with "Human cloning has been used to produce early embryos, marking a “significant step“ for medicine, say US scientists. The cloned embryos were used as a source of stem cells..."

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Human cloning has been used to produce early embryos, marking a “significant step“ for medicine, say US scientists.

The cloned embryos were used as a source of stem cells, which can make new heart muscle, bone, brain tissue or any other type of cell in the body.
The study, published in the journal Cell, used methods like those that produced Dolly the sheep in the UK.
However, researchers say other sources of stem cells may be easier, cheaper and less controversial.
Opponents say it is unethical to experiment on human embryos and have called for a ban.
Stem cells are one of the great hopes for medicine. Being able to create new tissue might be able to heal the damage caused by a heart attack or repair a severed spinal cord.
There are already trials taking place using stem cells taken from donated embryos to restore people's sight.
However, these donated cells do not match the patient so they would be rejected by the body. Cloning bypasses this problem.
The technique used - somatic cell nuclear transfer - has been well-known since Dolly the sheep became the first mammal to be cloned, in 199

Dolly the sheep Dolly's birth in 1996 was seen as a major scientific breakthrough

Skin cells were taken from an adult and the genetic information was placed inside a donor egg which had been stripped of its own DNA. Electricity was used to encourage the egg to develop into an embryo.
However, researchers have struggled to reproduce the feat in people. The egg does start dividing, but never goes past the 6-12 cell stage.

'Real deal'

A South Korean scientist, Hwang Woo-suk, did claim to have created stem cells from cloned human embryos, but was found to have faked the evidence.
Now a team at the Oregon Health and Science University have developed the embryo to the blastocyst stage - around 150 cells - which is enough to provide a source of embryonic stem cells.

Dr Shoukhrat Mitalipov said: “A thorough examination of the stem cells derived through this technique demonstrated their ability to convert just like normal embryonic stem cells, into several different cell types, including nerve cells, liver cells and heart cells.
“While there is much work to be done in developing safe and effective stem cell treatments, we believe this is a significant step forward in developing the cells that could be used in regenerative medicine.“
Chris Mason, a professor of regenerative medicine at University College London, said this looked like “the real deal“.
“They've done the same as the Wright brothers really. They've looked around at where are all the best bits of how to do this from different groups all over the place and basically amalgamated it.
“The Wright brothers took off and this has actually managed to make embryonic stem cells.“

The ethical rival

Embryonic stem cell research has repeatedly raised ethical concerns and human eggs are a scarce resource. This has led researchers to an alternative route to stem cells.
The technique takes the same sample of skin cells but converts them using proteins to “induced pluripotent“ stem cells.
However, there are still questions about the quality of stem cells produced using this method compared with embryonic stem cells.
Prof Mason said the field was leaning towards induced pluripotent stem cells: “It has got a lot of momentum behind it, a lot of funding and a lot of powerful people now.“
Dr Lyle Armstrong, at Newcastle University, said that the study “without doubt“ marked an advance for the field.
Dr Lyle Armstrong, Newcastle University: “They can become any of the cells or tissues“

But he warned: “Ultimately, the costs of somatic cell nuclear transfer-based methods for making stem cells could be prohibitive.“
Opponents of the new technique argue that all embryos, whether created in the lab or not, have the potential to go on to become a fully-fledged human, and as such it is morally wrong to experiment on them.
They strongly advocate the use of stem cells from adult tissue.
Dr David King, from the campaign group Human Genetics Alert, warned that: “Scientists have finally delivered the baby that would-be human cloners have been waiting for: a method for reliably creating cloned human embryos.
“This makes it imperative that we create an international legal ban on human cloning before any more research like this takes place. It is irresponsible in the extreme to have published this research.“
However advocates of the new technique say that the embryos created from this technique could never become viable human beings.

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SOURCE: Science and Health BBC

Thanks for your reading. This is my site. [http://www.bbc.com/ BBC]

America's Next Top Model, Cycle 17: All Stars

2013-05-17T20:07:06Z

User:LigiaHeini

2013-05-17T09:34:03Z

LigiaHeini created a user account

America's Next Top Model, Cycle 17: All Stars

2013-05-15T22:21:57Z

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User:AtNTM7

2013-05-13T00:57:10Z

‎Call-out Order:

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